To fix this issue delete your Counter-Strike install and install it again, after making a copy of any custom configurations you may have made.
For the more technically minded, you can use a tool like:
Process Explorer v16.22 to verify that you are running from the correct location.
Launch options:
-nofbo -nomsaa +cl_filterstuffcmd 1
-nofbo
Tells engine to use old renderind method. New method includes multi-sample anti-aliasing. Though it's not necessary, most people who had issues with black screens fixed it with this command so I'm recommending this as a norm but if your game works fine without it, no requirement to include it.
-nomsaa
Disables anti-aliasing.
+cl_filterstuffcmd
Valve's implementation on blocking malicious commands from the server.